CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background
Democracy
is a form or system of government of a state mechanism in order to realize the
sovereignty of the people (citizens' power) over the country to be run by the
state government. One of the pillars of democracy is the principle of trias
politica third political power that divides the state (executive, judicial and
legislative) to be realized in the three types of state agencies are disjoint
(independent) and are ranked in parallel with each other. Alignment and independence
of the three types of state agencies is necessary that the three institutions
of the country can watch each other and control each other based on the
principle of checks and balances.
The
three types of institutions are state government agencies that have the
authority to create and implement the executive authority, the institutions
competent court held judicial power and the people's representative
institutions (Parliament, for Indonesian) who has the authority exercises
legislative power. Under this system, legislative decisions are made by the
public or by representatives who are required to work and act according to the
aspirations of the people they represent (constituents) and select it through
the election process, in addition to the appropriate laws and regulations.
In
addition to the election, many decisions or important results, such as a
country's presidential election, obtained through elections. Elections is not
compulsory or not must be followed by all citizens, but by the majority of citizens
who have the right and follow voluntarily elections. In addition, not all
citizens are entitled to vote (having the right to vote). Popular sovereignty
is meant here not only in the sense of sovereignty to elect a president or
parliament members directly, but in a broader sense. A presidential election of
members of parliament or directly not guarantee the country as a democracy
because the people choose their own sovereignty directly president just a few
of the many popular sovereignty. Although its role in a democratic system is
not great, a general election is often dubbed the democratic party. This is due
to the old way of thinking of some people who are still too high laying idol,
not a good system of government, as the fair queen dream figure. Yet no matter
how well a head of state, his life will be much shorter than the lifetime of a
system that has proven capable of developing countries. Many democratic
countries only give voting rights to citizens who have passed a certain age,
such as age 18 years, and who do not possess criminal records (eg, prisoners or
ex-prisoners).
1.2
Problem Identification
In
the implementation, a lot of deviation from the democratic values both in daily life in the family and society.
1. Not upholding the supremacy of the
law
2. Lack of community participation in
the community life, state and nation
3. Violations of the rights of others
4. The lack of life participate in the
common life (deliberation to reach consensus)
To eliminate the problems that
exist, this paper will explain the importance of democratic culture in everyday
life. To that end, the authors develop this paper with the title "CULTURE
OF DEMOCRACY".
1.3
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is :
1.
Describe
the problems that arise as a result of deviation from democratic values in the lives of everyday
2.
Describe
the sources of law are the foundation of democracy
3. Describe a real example application
of democratic culture in everyday life.
1.4
Limitations
Because
of the many problems that arise, then this paper will only discuss about the
importance of democracy budanya in everyday life both in the family and
community, state and nation.
1.5
Systematics Writing
In order for this paper can be
understood the reader, the authors made a systematic writing papers as
follows :
CAPTHER
I INTRODUCTION
Contain background on the meaning of
democracy, the indetification of the problem caused by violations of the values
of democracy, the purpose of the paper, the restriction problem, and systematic
writing.
CHAPTER II THEORY CULTURE OF
DEMOCRACY
Democracy Budanya theory contains
the notion of democracy, the foundations of democracy, the history of
democratic development and application of democratic culture in
everyday life
CHAPTER III CONCLUSION and RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusions
and suggestions is the last chapter contains the conclusion of the whole discussion and suggestions.
CHAPTER
II
CULTURAL THEORY OF DEMOCRACY
CULTURAL THEORY OF DEMOCRACY
2.1 Definition of Democracy
Democracy is a form or system of
government of a state mechanism in order to realize the sovereignty of the
people (citizens' power) over the country to be run by the state government
2.1.1 According to the International
Commission of Jurits
Democracy
is a form of government in which the supreme power by rakyar people's hands and
run directly by them or by the representatives of their choosing under a system
of free elections. So, that in a democracy is a priority in the government of
the people
2.1.2 According to Lincoln
is government of the people, by the people and
for the people (government of the people, by the people, and for the people).
2.1.3
According C.F Strong
A
system of government in which the majority of the adult members of the
political community to participate on the basis of a representative system that
ensures that the government ultimately accountable for the actions of the
majority.
2.2
Platform-runway Democracy
2.2.1
Opening UUD 1945
1. The first paragraph of Independence
is the right of all nations.
2. The second paragraph Delivers
Indonesian people Indonesian independence to the gate of independent, united,
sovereign, just and prosperous.
3. On the third paragraph grace of
Almighty Allah and driven by a noble desire to be free life and nationality.
4. Paragraph IV Protect the whole
nation.
2.2.2 Body 1945
1. Article 1 paragraph 2 Sovereignty is
in the hands of the people.
2. Article 2 of the PCA.
3. Article 6 Election of President and
Vice President.
4. Article 24 and Article 25
independent Judiciary.
5. Article 27 paragraph 1 Equal status
in law.
6. Article 28 Freedom of association
and assembly.
2.2.3
Other
1. MPR Decree No. 1 XVII / MPR / 1998
on human rights
2.
of
Law No. 39 of 1999 on Human Rights
2.3
History and Development of Democracy
The
term "democracy" is derived from the Ancient Greek expressed in
ancient Athens in the 5th century BC. The state is usually considered as an
early example of a legal system associated with modern democracy. However, the
meaning of this term has changed over time, and the modern definition has
evolved since the 18th century, along with the development of the system of
"democracy" in many countries. The word "democracy" comes
from two words: demos meaning people, and kratos / cratein which means the
government, so it can be interpreted as a government of the people, or better
known to us as a government of the people, by the people and for the people.
The concept of democracy into a separate keyword in the field of political
science. It becomes reasonable, because democracy is now touted as an indicator
of a country's political development. Democracy occupies a vital position in
relation to the division of powers in a country (generally based on the concept
and principle of trias politica) with state power derived from the people
should also be used for the welfare and prosperity of the trias politica
rakyat.Prinsip sort has become very important to be taken into account when the
facts the historical record of government power (executive) are so large was
not able to establish a just and civilized society, even the government
absolute power often creates a violation of human rights. Similarly, excessive
power in other state institutions, for example the excessive power of the
legislature determines its own budget for salaries and benefits of its members
without regard to the aspirations of the people, would not bring good to
rakyat.Intinya, each state agency must not only be accountable (accountable) ,
but there should be a formal mechanism to realize the accountability of each
state agency and is capable of operating mechanism (not just in theory) limit
the power of the
state institutions.
Democracy in post-colonial Indonesia
Indonesian Democracy, we find that more extensive democratic role. In the
Sukarno era, we know some of the models of democracy. Nationalist parties, the
Communists and even Islamists almost all said that democracy is something that
is ideal. Even for them, democracy is not only a means, but democracy will
achieve an ideal. Free from occupation and achieve independence is the goal at
that time, reaching a democracy. Therefore, more and more people love
democracy. Functioning democracy in Indonesia today can be said is a Liberal
Democracy. In the election system indicates a liberal democratic system in
Indonesia are as follows:
1. multi-party elections were followed
by very many parties. At least since the reform, followed by a 24-party
elections (elections 2004), at most 48 Party (the 1999). Free elections stand
at will, as long as the conditions meet the Commission. If all parties allowed
in elections, could emerge hundreds to thousands of party.
2. presidential election, elect members
of the board (DPR / DPRD), also choose the DPD (senate). In addition to the DPD
is almost no use and it works, it is also modeled on the American system to
know the position of the members of the Senate (senators).
3. direct presidential election since
2004 not only figure the president, but also vice president. For this
presidential election, nearly similar to the mechanism of the party election,
only the selected object in the form of pairs of candidates. Sometimes, if the
Presidential Election was not obtained once an absolute winner, performed a
second round of elections, to gain legitimacy strong voice.
4. Selection of bureaucratic officials
directly (elections), the election of governors, mayors, and regents. Again the
pattern exactly like the party election or the election of President. Only the
selected figure and different position levels. There is no netting candidate,
campaign, election process, etc..
5. existence of a specialized agency of
the election organizers, namely the Commission as a committee, and as a
supervisory Election Supervisory Committee election process. Not to mention a
team of independent observers independently formed. There is a need to hold
elections of its own bureaucracy, although basically bureaucracy was still
dependent on the government as well.
6.
The
existence of institutions surve, pooling institutions, research institutes,
etc.. are actively doing research about the behavior of voters or prospective
voters in the election. Including the presence of the media who are active in
monitoring the electoral process, pre-implementation, while the implementation,
and post implementation.
7. Democracy in Indonesia
desperately in need of capital (money). Lots of costs
required to win an election. Consequently,
those with deep pockets, they are more likely to
win an election, rather than idealists, but poor
harta.Akhirnya, black-white politics depends
on the thick-thin pockets of the politicians. All these and other indications have
strong institutionalized electoral law by the
umbrella revised every 5 years. It can be
concluded that such a system has
become a legal and
political reality has a very strong position
in national political
life. Party democracy which we title this every 5 years
must have a clear
vision of the future to bring fundamental change
to the Indonesian nation that we love,
both in terms of economy, defense, and global
levels of competition. Therefore, synchronization between democracy and national development
should be in line not just the opposite of
democracy is enforced only for the
fulfillment of the party and the
interests of a certain group. So, now that we apply
democracy should refer
to the joints of the Indonesian
nation is a nation that is
based on the philosophy of Pancasila and the
1945 Constitution.
Application of Democratic Culture In Everyday Life On the
Application of Environmental Family Culture democracy
in the family environment
can be realized in the following forms:
a. Willingness to accept
the presence of relatives;
b. Respect the opinion of other family members;
c. Always deliberation to
the division of labor;
d. Open to a problem that
is faced with.
On the Application of Community
Environment Cultural democracy
in society can be realized in the following forms:
a. Willing to admit mistakes
have been made;
b. Willingness to live with members of the community without discrimination;
c. Respect the opinions of others who differ with him;
d. Solve the problem by giving priority to
compromise;
e. Does not feel right or
selfish in talking with other people.
Implementation in the
School Environment Culture democracy
in the school environment can be realized in the following forms:
a. Willing to hang out with
school friends without
distinction;
b. Receiving of friends of
different cultural backgrounds, races
and religions;
c. Appreciate the opinion of friends although it is
different from our opinion;
d. Prioritize deliberation, made a deal to resolve
the problem;
e. The attitude of non-violence.
In Life Stateless Application
Environment Culture democracy in the life
of the state can be realized in
the following forms:
a. Agree to accept error or
defeat are mature
and sincere;
b. The willingness of the leaders to always hear and
value the opinions of its citizens;
c. Honesty and integrity;
d. Having a sense of shame and responsibility to
the public;
e. Respect the rights of minorities;
f.
Appreciate the differences
in people;
g. Giving priority to deal
berrsama deliberation to settle the affairs
of state.
CHAPTER III
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
3.1 Conclusion
From past
experience of our nation, it
appears that democracy has not yet entrenched. We did
have embraced demokrsai
and even has
in practice both
within the family, the community, and in life bebangsa and state. However,
we have not membudanyakannya.
Cultured means has
become ingrained habit. Said "Democracy has
become a cultural" means appreciation of the values of
democracy has become ingrained habit among the citizens. In other words, democracy has become a
part that can not be separated from his
life. The entire kehidupanya
characterized by democratic
values.
However, it has not happened. In the media we often hear how often citizens, even the government itself, violates democratic values. People undervalue the liberated people, less respect for diversity, the rule of law is less established, less common in practice, citizen participation or individual persons both in everyday life and in the lives of pilitik not maximized, deliberation is less used as a way to plan a program or solve a problem together, and so on. Even within our own families and communities, democratic values were less in practice.
However, it has not happened. In the media we often hear how often citizens, even the government itself, violates democratic values. People undervalue the liberated people, less respect for diversity, the rule of law is less established, less common in practice, citizen participation or individual persons both in everyday life and in the lives of pilitik not maximized, deliberation is less used as a way to plan a program or solve a problem together, and so on. Even within our own families and communities, democratic values were less in practice.
3.2 Suggestion
To realize the democratic culture is not easy. There needs to be effort of all citizens. The
main thing, of course, is:
1. The existence of an intention to understand democratic values.
2. Mempraktekanya continuously, or get used to.
Understanding
the values of democracy
requires pemberlajaran, ie learn from the experience of countries that have a democratic culture embodies better than
us. In an effort to
practice democratic culture, we
sometimes fail here and there,
but it did not
loosen our intention to continue to try to fix it from day to day.
One day, we hope
that democracy has
really entrenched in our country,
both in family life, community, or in the
life of the nation.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.
“http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokrasi“
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“http://dondsor.blogster.com/demokrasi_dan_Konstitusi.html“
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Abdulkarim, Aim, Drs,
M.Pd. 2004 “Kewarganegaraan untuk SMP Kelas II Jilid ”. Bandung: Grafindo Media
Pratama.
4.
Wijianti, S.Pd. dan
Aminah Y., Siti, S.Pd. 2005 “ Kewarganegaraan (Citizenship)”. Jakarta: Piranti
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Dan H. Asy’ari, S.Pd, M.Pd. 2004 “Kewarganegaraan Untuk SMP Kelas VIII Jilid
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