ARTICLE DEMOCRACY

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1  Background

Democracy is a form or system of government of a state mechanism in order to realize the sovereignty of the people (citizens' power) over the country to be run by the state government. One of the pillars of democracy is the principle of trias politica third political power that divides the state (executive, judicial and legislative) to be realized in the three types of state agencies are disjoint (independent) and are ranked in parallel with each other. Alignment and independence of the three types of state agencies is necessary that the three institutions of the country can watch each other and control each other based on the principle of checks and balances.

The three types of institutions are state government agencies that have the authority to create and implement the executive authority, the institutions competent court held judicial power and the people's representative institutions (Parliament, for Indonesian) who has the authority exercises legislative power. Under this system, legislative decisions are made by the public or by representatives who are required to work and act according to the aspirations of the people they represent (constituents) and select it through the election process, in addition to the appropriate laws and regulations.

In addition to the election, many decisions or important results, such as a country's presidential election, obtained through elections. Elections is not compulsory or not must be followed by all citizens, but by the majority of citizens who have the right and follow voluntarily elections. In addition, not all citizens are entitled to vote (having the right to vote). Popular sovereignty is meant here not only in the sense of sovereignty to elect a president or parliament members directly, but in a broader sense. A presidential election of members of parliament or directly not guarantee the country as a democracy because the people choose their own sovereignty directly president just a few of the many popular sovereignty. Although its role in a democratic system is not great, a general election is often dubbed the democratic party. This is due to the old way of thinking of some people who are still too high laying idol, not a good system of government, as the fair queen dream figure. Yet no matter how well a head of state, his life will be much shorter than the lifetime of a system that has proven capable of developing countries. Many democratic countries only give voting rights to citizens who have passed a certain age, such as age 18 years, and who do not possess criminal records (eg, prisoners or ex-prisoners).

1.2  Problem Identification

In the implementation, a lot of deviation from the democratic values both in  daily life in the family and society.

1.      Not upholding the supremacy of the law

2.      Lack of community participation in the community life, state and nation

3.      Violations of the rights of others

4.      The lack of life participate in the common life (deliberation to reach consensus)

To eliminate the problems that exist, this paper will explain the importance of democratic culture in everyday life. To that end, the authors develop this paper with the title "CULTURE OF DEMOCRACY".

1.3  Purpose

The purpose of this paper is :

1.      Describe the problems that arise as a result of deviation from democratic values ​​in the lives of everyday

2.      Describe the sources of law are the foundation of democracy

3.      Describe a real example application of democratic culture in everyday life.

1.4  Limitations

Because of the many problems that arise, then this paper will only discuss about the importance of democracy budanya in everyday life both in the family and community, state and nation.

1.5  Systematics Writing

In order for this paper can be understood the reader, the authors made ​​a systematic writing papers as follows :

CAPTHER I INTRODUCTION

            Contain background on the meaning of democracy, the indetification of the problem caused by violations of the values of democracy, the purpose of the paper, the restriction problem, and systematic writing.

CHAPTER II THEORY CULTURE OF DEMOCRACY

Democracy Budanya theory contains the notion of democracy, the foundations of democracy, the history of democratic development and application of democratic culture in

everyday life

CHAPTER III CONCLUSION and RECOMMENDATIONS

            Conclusions and suggestions is the last chapter contains the conclusion of the whole  discussion and suggestions.

CHAPTER II
CULTURAL THEORY OF DEMOCRACY

2.1 Definition of Democracy

Democracy is a form or system of government of a state mechanism in order to realize the sovereignty of the people (citizens' power) over the country to be run by the state government

2.1.1 According to the International Commission of Jurits

Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power by rakyar people's hands and run directly by them or by the representatives of their choosing under a system of free elections. So, that in a democracy is a priority in the government of the people

2.1.2 According to Lincoln

 is government of the people, by the people and for the people (government of the people, by the people, and for the people).

            2.1.3 According C.F Strong

A system of government in which the majority of the adult members of the political community to participate on the basis of a representative system that ensures that the government ultimately accountable for the actions of the majority.

2.2 Platform-runway Democracy

            2.2.1 Opening  UUD 1945

1.      The first paragraph of Independence is the right of all nations.

2.      The second paragraph Delivers Indonesian people Indonesian independence to the gate of independent, united, sovereign, just and prosperous.

3.      On the third paragraph grace of Almighty Allah and driven by a noble desire to be free life and nationality.

4.      Paragraph IV Protect the whole nation.

2.2.2 Body 1945

1.      Article 1 paragraph 2 Sovereignty is in the hands of the people.

2.      Article 2 of the PCA.

3.      Article 6 Election of President and Vice President.

4.      Article 24 and Article 25 independent Judiciary.

5.      Article 27 paragraph 1 Equal status in law.

6.      Article 28 Freedom of association and assembly.

2.2.3 Other          

1.      MPR Decree No. 1 XVII / MPR / 1998 on human rights

2.      of Law No. 39 of 1999 on Human Rights

2.3 History and Development of Democracy

            The term "democracy" is derived from the Ancient Greek expressed in ancient Athens in the 5th century BC. The state is usually considered as an early example of a legal system associated with modern democracy. However, the meaning of this term has changed over time, and the modern definition has evolved since the 18th century, along with the development of the system of "democracy" in many countries. The word "democracy" comes from two words: demos meaning people, and kratos / cratein which means the government, so it can be interpreted as a government of the people, or better known to us as a government of the people, by the people and for the people. The concept of democracy into a separate keyword in the field of political science. It becomes reasonable, because democracy is now touted as an indicator of a country's political development. Democracy occupies a vital position in relation to the division of powers in a country (generally based on the concept and principle of trias politica) with state power derived from the people should also be used for the welfare and prosperity of the trias politica rakyat.Prinsip sort has become very important to be taken into account when the facts the historical record of government power (executive) are so large was not able to establish a just and civilized society, even the government absolute power often creates a violation of human rights. Similarly, excessive power in other state institutions, for example the excessive power of the legislature determines its own budget for salaries and benefits of its members without regard to the aspirations of the people, would not bring good to rakyat.Intinya, each state agency must not only be accountable (accountable) , but there should be a formal mechanism to realize the accountability of each state agency and is capable of operating mechanism (not just in theory) limit the power of the

state institutions.

Democracy in post-colonial Indonesia Indonesian Democracy, we find that more extensive democratic role. In the Sukarno era, we know some of the models of democracy. Nationalist parties, the Communists and even Islamists almost all said that democracy is something that is ideal. Even for them, democracy is not only a means, but democracy will achieve an ideal. Free from occupation and achieve independence is the goal at that time, reaching a democracy. Therefore, more and more people love democracy. Functioning democracy in Indonesia today can be said is a Liberal Democracy. In the election system indicates a liberal democratic system in Indonesia are as follows:

1.      multi-party elections were followed by very many parties. At least since the reform, followed by a 24-party elections (elections 2004), at most 48 Party (the 1999). Free elections stand at will, as long as the conditions meet the Commission. If all parties allowed in elections, could emerge hundreds to thousands of party.

2.      presidential election, elect members of the board (DPR / DPRD), also choose the DPD (senate). In addition to the DPD is almost no use and it works, it is also modeled on the American system to know the position of the members of the Senate (senators).

3.      direct presidential election since 2004 not only figure the president, but also vice president. For this presidential election, nearly similar to the mechanism of the party election, only the selected object in the form of pairs of candidates. Sometimes, if the Presidential Election was not obtained once an absolute winner, performed a second round of elections, to gain legitimacy strong voice.

4.      Selection of bureaucratic officials directly (elections), the election of governors, mayors, and regents. Again the pattern exactly like the party election or the election of President. Only the selected figure and different position levels. There is no netting candidate, campaign, election process, etc..

5.      existence of a specialized agency of the election organizers, namely the Commission as a committee, and as a supervisory Election Supervisory Committee election process. Not to mention a team of independent observers independently formed. There is a need to hold elections of its own bureaucracy, although basically bureaucracy was still dependent on the government as well.

6.      The existence of institutions surve, pooling institutions, research institutes, etc.. are actively doing research about the behavior of voters or prospective voters in the election. Including the presence of the media who are active in monitoring the electoral process, pre-implementation, while the implementation, and post implementation.

7.      Democracy in Indonesia desperately in need of capital (money). Lots of costs required to win an election. Consequently, those with deep pockets, they are more likely to win an election, rather than idealists, but poor harta.Akhirnya, black-white politics depends on the thick-thin pockets of the politicians. All these and other indications have strong institutionalized electoral law by the umbrella revised every 5 years. It can be concluded that such a system has become a legal and political reality has a very strong position in national political life. Party democracy which we title this every 5 years must have a clear vision of the future to bring fundamental change to the Indonesian nation that we love, both in terms of economy, defense, and global levels of competition. Therefore, synchronization between democracy and national development should be in line not just the opposite of democracy is enforced only for the fulfillment of the party and the interests of a certain group. So, now that we apply democracy should refer to the joints of the Indonesian nation is a nation that is based on the philosophy of Pancasila and the

1945 Constitution.

Application of Democratic Culture In Everyday Life On the Application of Environmental Family Culture democracy in the family environment can be realized in the following forms:

a.       Willingness to accept the presence of relatives;

b.      Respect the opinion of other family members;

c.       Always deliberation to the division of labor;

d.      Open to a problem that is faced with.

On the Application of Community Environment Cultural democracy in society can be realized in the following forms:

a.       Willing to admit mistakes have been made​​;

b.      Willingness to live with members of the community without discrimination;

c.       Respect the opinions of others who differ with him;

d.      Solve the problem by giving priority to compromise;

e.       Does not feel right or selfish in talking with other people.

Implementation in the School Environment Culture democracy in the school environment can be realized in the following forms:

a.       Willing to hang out with school friends without distinction;

b.      Receiving of friends of different cultural backgrounds, races and religions;

c.       Appreciate the opinion of friends although it is different from our opinion;

d.      Prioritize deliberation, made ​​a deal to resolve the problem;

e.       The attitude of non-violence.

In Life Stateless Application Environment Culture democracy in the life of the state can be realized in the following forms:

a.       Agree to accept error or defeat are mature and sincere;

b.      The willingness of the leaders to always hear and value the opinions of its citizens;

c.        Honesty and integrity;

d.      Having a sense of shame and responsibility to the public;

e.       Respect the rights of minorities;

f.        Appreciate the differences in people;

g.       Giving priority to deal berrsama deliberation to settle the affairs of state.

CHAPTER III
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

3.1 Conclusion

                From past experience of our nation, it appears that democracy has not yet entrenched. We did have embraced demokrsai and even has in practice both within the family, the community, and in life bebangsa and state. However, we have not membudanyakannya. Cultured means has become ingrained habit. Said "Democracy has become a cultural" means appreciation of the values ​​of democracy has become ingrained habit among the citizens. In other words, democracy has become a part that can not be separated from his life. The entire kehidupanya characterized by democratic values​​.
However, it has not happened. In the media we often hear how often citizens, even the government itself, violates democratic values​​. People undervalue the liberated people, less respect for diversity, the rule of law is less established, less common in practice, citizen participation or individual persons both in everyday life and in the lives of pilitik not maximized, deliberation is less used as a way to plan a program or solve a problem together, and so on. Even within our own families and communities, democratic values ​​were less in practice.

3.2 Suggestion

To realize the democratic culture is not easy. There needs to be effort of all citizens. The main thing, of course, is:

1.       The existence of an intention to understand democratic values​​.

2.       Mempraktekanya continuously, or get used to.

Understanding the values ​​of democracy requires pemberlajaran, ie learn from the experience of countries that have a democratic culture embodies better than us. In an effort to practice democratic culture, we sometimes fail here and there, but it did not loosen our intention to continue to try to fix it from day to day. One day, we hope that democracy has really entrenched in our country, both in family life, community, or in the life of the nation.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1.      “http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokrasi“

2.      “http://dondsor.blogster.com/demokrasi_dan_Konstitusi.html“

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4.      Wijianti, S.Pd. dan Aminah Y., Siti, S.Pd. 2005 “ Kewarganegaraan (Citizenship)”. Jakarta: Piranti Darma Kalokatama.

5.      Dahlan, Saronji, Drs. Dan H. Asy’ari, S.Pd, M.Pd. 2004 “Kewarganegaraan Untuk SMP Kelas VIII Jilid 2”. Jakarta: Erlangga.